Background
Mosquito-borne viruses are moving north. West Nile virus has settled at a higher baseline in Europe, with the 2025 season already past the whole of 2023 by early October, and locally acquired dengue, chikungunya and Zika cases now appear in southern Europe most summers. Warmer summers and a growing habitat for the Asian tiger mosquito drive the shift.
Surveillance has not kept up. It is fragmented and reactive, built on slow, centralised diagnostics and data streams that are not connected: human cases in one system, animal cases in another, mosquito counts in a third.
SHIELD (Smart Holistic Integrated Early-warning Laboratory and Digital system for Arbovirus Surveillance) is a three-year EU4Health project, coordinated by the University of Bari Aldo Moro, that replaces this with a dual-use, modular platform: field-deployable molecular diagnostics on one side, digital surveillance powered by AI on the other, under a One Health framework that treats human, animal, vector and environmental data as one picture.